cracks in crufts

Best in bred

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My blogging career has been kind to me. As well as being invited to express my opinions, for what they are worth, on this website twice a month, I receive intermittent offers to write blogs for companies or to cover pet-based events.

One such offer could have seen me furnished with free tickets to Crufts and a request to cover the event. However, due to my feelings on dog breeding and The Kennel Club, I decided to refuse the offer. The whole affair slipped from my mind, and I got on with my life.

Then, Crufts happened.

Behind the times

Tori
Three-year-old Cruaghaire Catoria won first place in the Best of Breed category at Crufts.

One disadvantage of writing this blog several weeks in advance is I’m a little behind the news with my responses. Maybe by now you’ve already forgotten the “best in breed” German shepherd dog. It’s very fresh in my mind, however, and you didn’t need to have a lot of veterinary training to recognise that dog’s gait, because you’ll be faced with it on a weekly basis in practice.

I have personally treated, and euthanised, many German shepherd dogs with similarly sloped backs due to hip dysplasia, arthritis or canine degenerative myelopathy – and here was a dog with a similar gait being celebrated as the pinnacle of everything the breed should be.

The Kennel Club would like us to believe this was an aberration, in my view. Footage of the dog was removed from the Crufts website (after many complaints from the public, charities, vets and nurses) and they made every indication this was an unusual situation, hinting that the judge in question had ignored advice (you can read the official statement here).

For better or worse?

I would like to think things are improving. I really would. I’d like to think The Kennel Club is trying to change things. But I am also a big believer in evidence-based medicine, so instead I’m going to let some of The Kennel Club’s statistics do the talking.

In February this year, The Kennel Club released results of the Pedigree Breed Health Survey 2014 – a survey of owners of pedigree dogs about the diseases they suffer from. The fact they release surveys like this at all (the last one was in 2004) could, in my opinion, be looked on as progress – it is at least an acknowledgement of the (thankfully) now common knowledge pedigree breeds are generally less healthy than their mongrel counterparts.

However, I have a couple of problems with the study:

  1. There is no comparison with cross-breed dogs.
  2. It is based on a survey of pet owners, rather than medical records, and a number of biases may have crept into the study this way.

But enough preamble. I’m going to throw some figures at you to see how you feel.

Eternal optimism

The survey was announced on the vet times website with the headline “Majority of pedigree dogs suffer no disease condition, survey shows“. Now, I’m not sure if that optimistic spin is from vet times or from The Kennel Club, but I’m here to point out that, by “majority”, they mean 65%.

I’m no mathematician, but I’m pretty sure that leaves 35% of pedigree dogs suffering from, or having suffered from a disease condition. More than one-third of the population. I wouldn’t be feeling too optimistic about that figure. It’s true, as the article is very keen to point out, these “disease conditions” include comparatively benign disorders, such as lipomas or cysts, but some of the diseases are a little less benign.

55pc-basset_Fotolia-freischnauze
These are not figures to be proud of, says blogger Nick Marsh.

The 65% figure refers to pedigree dogs as a whole. I’m going to give you the figures from some individual breeds.

Basset hounds

55% suffer from a disease condition – more than half, as reported by the owners. Cysts and lipomas make up the top two diseases (10% and 9% respectively), but below that, 8.3% of them suffer (and I use that word very deliberately) from allergic skin disease. A further 7.4% suffer from chronic itching (no, I don’t know what the difference is either) and 4.1% have elbow dysplasia.

Boxers

54% have diseases. Top is lipomas (6.8%), but below that we have skin cancer at 6.6% and skin allergies at 5.8%. A further 5.11% have a skin “lump”.

Bulldogs

This breed gets away surprisingly lightly – at 49%, just under half of them suffer from diseases. However, 15% of them (about one in six) have cherry eye, while 4.6% have distichiae.

Shar Peis

65% of them have diseases. 26.3% of them have entropion, as reported by the owners. I don’t know how The Kennel Club feels about a population of dogs where one in four have their eyelashes rubbing on their eyeballs, but I’m pretty unhappy about it.

I could go on, but read the survey and draw your own conclusions.

German shepherd dogs do pretty well – only two in five dogs have medical issues (39%). One in 25 has hip dysplasia and a further one in 25 has arthritis. Same for allergic skin disease. How these figures will change given the “best in bred” example, I’m not sure, but I suspect it’s not for the better.

For shame

These are not figures to be proud of, in my view. By themselves, they’re pretty horrifying. Not only that, but I suspect I’m not the only vet reading this who is thinking “wow, those figures are lower than I see in my consulting room”.

We have our own biases too, of course, but I suspect rather more than 8% of westies I see have allergic skin disease and I’m certain more than 10% of cavalier King Charles spaniels have heart murmurs. I don’t want that to blind us, however, because, to me, those figures are pretty disgusting by themselves.

I’ve rambled on for a while, but I have a very simple point: this isn’t acceptable. These breeds suffer – they really do, every minute of their lives – because a judge has decided they should be a certain shape.

Something needs to change and we’re in a position to help change it – let’s tell these figures to everyone we can, let’s advise against breeding pedigree dogs. We are supposed to be the advocates for the animals when they are suffering.

Let’s tell everyone how much suffering pedigree breeding causes.


Comments

9 responses to “Best in bred”

  1. Linda Wilson Avatar
    Linda Wilson

    This article makes me so mad. Nothing has been mentioned about the puppy farmers or back yard breeders who breed dogs with no thought for the health of the dogs. They don’t care as long as they are making money. Also the number of breeds mentioned is very low compared with the number of breeds shown at Crufts for example. We ourselves have had Pointers since 1977 and in that time we have only bred 13 litters. The youngest we have ever lost one was eleven and a half – this was our first bitch. Through careful selection we have improved on this in that the last three Pointers which have died from our breeding were fifteen years old, but most of them now living until thirteen and fourteen years of age. They lead fit and active lives. I would say there are many breeders just like ourselves who are responsible breeders and care for the health and welfare of the pups they breed. In fact I would have to say that, as in many walks of life, it is the minority who let us down. So please stop the pedigree dog bashing and concentrate on the irresponsible breeders who care nothing for the pups they breed!

    1. Nick Marsh Avatar
      Nick Marsh

      I do agree there are fewer things worse than puppy farms – but this article isn’t about them. Rehoming centres are full and it has been my sad task to euthanise unwanted dogs, so from my point of view (and I’m just trying to be honest here so you understand my perspective) every dog bred means one in a rehoming centre waiting for a home. If those centres ever empty out then I will change my opinion.

      I know the kennel club are trying to change things. That’s why I was extremely disappointed to see what happened at Crufts this year.

  2. Whilst I agree with many points made in this article, it should be pointed out that many breeders are doing their best to eradicate health problems with BVA health tests and selective breeding. Yes, some breeds have become more exaggerated in recent years but this is now being corrected by the vast majority of responsible breeders.

    As a veterinary surgeon, I would suggest that the writer is possibly getting a slightly biased view on health problems as most dogs he sees are at his surgery because of health issues …. what about the hundreds or thousands that are healthy enough to not need to attend one of his surgeries?

    I own and breed Labradors and German Shorthaired Pointers (9 dogs in total) and apart from vaccinations not one single one has attended the vets for illness (apart from injury) for over 4 years! They clearly go under most vets radar!

    And as for comparing the health of pedigree dogs to cross breeds …. with no records of health problems within the crossbreed population how can this be determined? I am not against crossbreeding completely …. indeed that is how many of our current pedigree breeds were created and many crosses make wonderful dogs ….. but the crossbreeding world has gone crazy with totally incompatible breeds being mixed and the health, temperament and behavioural issues generated from this are probably still to be realised.

    1. Nick Marsh Avatar
      Nick Marsh

      There are a handful of studies looking at crossbreed dogs compared with purebred, it’s not impossible – and this wasn’t so much of a complaint as an acknowledgment of what the study wasn’t.

      You’re right that I see the illnesses, but I see plenty of dogs in health too for vaccinations. I suspect (as I mentioned in my article) that many vets would feel the figures above are very much on the low side. And many dogs – especially the brachycephalic breeds – suffer greatly from shortness of breath without ever being ill enough to be taken to the vets. I have lost count of how many ‘funny’ pug YouTube videos I’ve been shown of the poor dogs making ‘hilarious’ snorting noises and occasionally even fainting while trying to breathe

  3. Thank you for this.

    And did you notice this…?

    “The median age at the time of survey for all live dogs was 4 years. The median age the dogs were first affected by a condition was 3 years.”

    I think that makes the morbidity data even more of a concern.

    Re no comparison to crossbreeds.. well, the KC doesn’t collect that data of course. But others have – notably VetCompass – and it has found that crossbreeds live, on average, about a year longer than purred dogs.

    1. That should, of course, read ‘purebred’ dogs. I shall blame auto-correct rather than midnight-typing fingers…

      1. Nick Marsh Avatar
        Nick Marsh

        I remember watching your documentary, Jemima. It was excellent – my wife and I looked at each other in amazement because finally all these things we had thought and experienced were being talked about in the mainstream media!

  4. Barbara MacKenzie Avatar
    Barbara MacKenzie

    An interesting study might be to look at the causal factors in these illnesses… I’d like to know what % is down to over vaccination! So many “expert” vets, push yearly boosters, 3-4 monthly wormers and a whole variety of topical toxic potions for flea / tick prevention. The powerful pharmaceutical companies pull the strings!
    Yes, there are problems in most breeds but there are bigger problems with the veterinary profession spaying too young and voicing their opinions on public forums whilst ignoring the elephant in their own backyard!

  5. jane johnson Avatar
    jane johnson

    If the KC are so caring and pushing for health testing for many breeds…as they should,,,,why do they still register puppies from untested parents? Surely KC registered should mean something other than parentage correct . That would then stop the back street breeders as they wouldn’t be able to register any pups ,,unless health tests were done ??

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