Ask the editor

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Jordan and her fellow stewards "hard at work" at BEVA 2014.
Jordan and her fellow stewards “hard at work” at the 2014 BEVA Congress.

As a student steward at the British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) Congress, my responsibilities included helping set up the trade exhibition, handing out welcome packs at the registration desk and escorting speakers to the appropriate rooms. However, we were also able to sit in on lectures and act as the legs for the microphone whenever there were any questions.

The congress provided a great opportunity for networking and meeting other students from across both the UK and the world, as well as many veterinary professionals from every corner of the globe.

One of the lectures I sat in on was a Q&A session, “Ask the editor”, about publishing clinical research. A particularly sensitive topic was the process of peer reviewing research papers. The main point of discussion that interested me was the huge variation in quality of reviews depending on the reviewer, especially when veterinary schools were brought in to the argument.

As someone with no experience of research, the general impression I got was that one of the issues with peer reviewing is many reviewers are practising vets who – having done a veterinary degree rather than a research-based degree – are never taught specifically how to write a paper, and therefore aren’t taught how to review one either.

And then came the inevitable “well perhaps that should be introduced to the veterinary curriculum”.

In my opinion, absolutely not. The format of the veterinary degree is primarily geared towards producing vets. The majority of veterinary students will have chosen veterinary school because they wanted to be a vet, not because they wanted to learn how to review scientific papers.

BEVA 2014 was apparently a very sombre event.
BEVA 2014 was obviously a very sombre event.

Is the veterinary course not intensive and long enough without adding in extra skills that would be of limited use to the everyday clinician with no interest in research?

This also brings me back to the controversy surrounding the opening of new UK veterinary schools. One of the arguments countering the “too many graduates and not enough jobs“ point is a veterinary degree doesn’t necessarily lead to a career as a vet. Some graduates opt for other aspects of the profession, such as research.

I have to disagree – with extramural studies forming such a huge chunk of the course, it is certainly preparing students to be practising vets, not researchers. If you want to end up in research, do a bioveterinary science degree instead. That way, students aiming for a research career would get the scientific background knowledge of veterinary and research experience, without having to undertake hours in a veterinary clinic, learning practical skills they’ll never use.

I understand some students may want to practise as vets and yet still become involved in research. However, I believe masters’ courses are available, or the option of intercalation, which would allow them to gain some research experience.

I strongly believe not only the vast majority of veterinary students would resent a more research-based degree, but also it would produce less-competent clinicians as a result.

Research should be an option, but not a compulsory part of becoming a vet.


Comments

7 responses to “Ask the editor”

  1. Dawn Boothe Avatar
    Dawn Boothe

    Jordan,
    It would be my fervent hope that upon graduation from veterinary school, that you and your classmates – the future caretakers of my pets – will have acquired one of the most fundamentally important tools for life-long learning: the ability to discern whether or not an original report of a therapeutic or diagnostic intervention is sufficiently credible that its results should or should not be incorporated in your practice and applied to your patients. If you cannot decide for yourself whether or not the information is appropriate, you will always have to rely on the opinion of others…which is one of the lowest evidence levels. (And as an aside, the most powerful clinical research – studies that provide innovate therapies and diagnostics – are going to be generated from those researchers that have professional degrees; it is their approach that most likely will involve that clinical perspective that is so relevant to your patient…)

    1. I think understand that being able to judge whether an article is credible or not is an important skill in any profession, but being able to properly analyse and critique (review) a piece of research is a specific skill that people undergo entire masters degrees to develop and refine. It also not something that is not easily taught as such – it a skill that needs to be developed through conducting research yourself and reading many many papers – something which is just not feasible within the time constraints of the veterinary degree. For those wanting to develop these skill sparticularly, masters or intercalated years are always an option, but I personally don’t feel that this should be included to any great extent in the core course. However, this may stem from my personal experience, since I know that other veterinary schools do encourage an element of research at varying points during the degree.

  2. Understanding whether a study is designed properly allows drawing the proper conclusion about its results. If one cannot interpret the validity of the conclusions in a scientific paper, then one cannot expect to be more than a tradesman. Practicing veterinarians need to be able to continue to learn throughout their careers and having a working knowledge of the scientific method, basic statistics and what they mean and the ability to be introspective about what one knows and doesn’t know are essential. You would want this in your grandmother’s physician. Why not in your family dog?

    1. It is essential for veterinary professionals to continue learning throughout their career – this is the purpose of CPD, but that doesn’t necessarily need to come about by conducting research yourself. As expressed above, being able to make an educated judgement on an article and being able to thoroughly analyse and critique one are entirely different skills. If you want to further your ability to analyse, masters degrees are available, but there is simply not enough time in the core veterinary course to account for this. I know some universities include a research element but nowhere near to the extent that would be necessary for a masters.

      1. My comments said nothing about “conducting research yourself.” Rather, I was replying, quite aghast at your assertion: ” The format of the veterinary degree is primarily geared towards producing vets. The majority of veterinary students will have chosen veterinary school because they wanted to be a vet, not because they wanted to learn how to review scientific papers.”

        You seem not to get that veterinarians are not tradespeople. We are practitioners of medicine, a subject that is built block by block on basic research. Veterinary technicians/technologists/nurses, it could be argued, need less of a background in research findings analysis, but I am quite certain members of that profession would be insulted to be considered tradespeople also.

        Ms. Sinclair, you do need to understand how to interpret confidence intervals, p values, study design, statistical power and other subjects in order to be able to grasp the underpinnings of the routine, mundane, daily care you provide. When things don’t go as expected, which happens from time to time, you need to understand why, be able to correct your course and finally absorb what you learned for the next similar case, perhaps years into the future. Vet med is not a vocation but a profession. Treating it as a vocation does your patients and clients a disservice.

  3. TetaXVI Avatar
    TetaXVI

    The processes of understanding, writing and peer-reviwing a journal paper are taught as key skills to medical students, for the simple reason that there will probably come a time when you are at the top of the pile (Consultant/ Practice owner) and you wont have people telling you about new studies, you’ll be the one telling them. If you do not have the skills and knowlege of the scientific process and peer review, you’re gonig to struggle to stay up to date with latest techniquies, and their efficacy.

  4. The process of “peer review” Jordan mentions in this blog entry is distinct from the process of “literature review”.

    “Peer review” would be where a paper submitted for publication is scrutinised and dissected. The data are reanalysed. The references followed-up and themselves scrutinised, as well as the more mundane minutiae as reference formatting and grammar.

    Writing a paper and getting it through the peer review process is a skill in itself and it needs practice.

    “Literature review” is what practising vets all do, and they do not (routinely) work through the data in detail because someone has already done this (the peer reviewer as part of peer review process). They know the principles of statistical analysis but don’t have the formulae or spreadsheets to rework them to check the data, arthmetic and conclusions. Using the principles of EBM/SBM and individual critical thought they can decide what weight to put on the findings and whether they incorporate them in to their practice or wait for further trials (… or perform them themselves..!).

    I don’t think Jordan is suggesting that vets should not be taught paper critique technique, but that paper writing, detailed statistical analysis techniques, and so on are perhaps better taught in detail to those who are going to be producing papers as part of their day to day life.

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