Tag: Glucosuria

  • Hyponatraemia, pt 2: causes

    Hyponatraemia, pt 2: causes

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    The causes of hyponatraemia can be divided into three major categories, based on serum osmolality. This is further divided based on the patient’s volume status (Table 1). Most patients we see in clinic fall into the hypovolaemic category, except patients with diabetes mellitus. Table 1. Causes of hyponatraemia based on osmolality and volume status (from…

  • Systemic hypertension, part 2: clinical signs and diagnosis

    Systemic hypertension, part 2: clinical signs and diagnosis

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    Systemic hypertension, part 1 Systemic hypertension (SH) alone is often asymptomatic until it is severe, making early detection difficult. For this reason, it is important to know the diseases, illnesses, and other causes that can contribute to SH and recognise their clinical signs. From there, through thorough diagnostic investigations, a diagnosis will, hopefully, result then…